A political system is a set of codified practices and behaviours that legally regulate the work of institutions and forces in a single society. It is the system of politics and governance in a state or society, a very simplified definition of a more complex system; This means that the regulatory and adverse authority is the authority over which it takes control and its role in that field.
It can also be defined as legal regulations https://buguru.id/ and rules that a state works to apply to the people it governs to achieve the welfare and security of the state internally and externally, and thus achieve the most significant number of interests that are in line with the interests of the people. The political decision-making institutions are responsible for applying this—the political system, which is the legislative, executive and judicial authorities and institutions.
Political System Functions
- It plays a vital role in drawing the dimensions of society in terms of goals and endeavours that achieve well-being and security for members of society and the entire state.
- It fuses the energies of the community members within a crucible serving the community, ensuring the strengthening of the role of its children in the pursuit and achievement of well-being and safety.
- It plays a prominent role in integrating the elements of society and adapting them to each other in pursuit of the public interest.
- The political system gives legitimacy to the political life of individuals by applying the provisions and rules of law and public policy.
- {t ensures justice and equality among the members of the same society.
Political System Characteristics
The political system has several characteristics that distinguish it from other systems, namely:
- The political system enjoys supreme authority in the environment in which it operates, as members of society are obligated to apply its laws and follow its regulations and decisions.
- The political system is characterised by its autonomy.
- The political system imposes its control over the relationships that bind its elements through rules and laws governing it.
- The political system affects society more profoundly and more severely.
- The political system is considered the main engine in any environment in which it exists. It can also interact with other systems in society, such as economic, cultural and social.
Political System Levels
1. Decision Making
This political system level is considered a means of making decisions in various manifestations. A political discourse, a constitutional amendment, or the rejection of amended laws may represent decision-making. And civil society organisations to be able to monitor decisions and research them carefully in order to reach a correct decision.
2. Decision Implementation
Ministries, states, municipalities, and government agencies represent the executive branch. This level gives the political system credibility, and failure to implement decisions in the political system is considered humiliating to the political system.
3. Decision Marketing
It is the body responsible for the media, as an integral part of the executive body. It is responsible for implementing the decisions issued by the party that made them, studying them thoroughly and predicting their consequences and feedback.
Political System Duties
- Sets community missions and goals.
- Mobilises community powers.
- Works to integrate all the elements that makeup society, in addition to working to unify them.
- Legitimises political life itself.
- Achieves justice and applies laws to all citizens.
- Regulates relations between all sectors in a way that guarantees the rights of all.
- Strengthens the strength of the elements of the state by uniting all segments of society.
Primary tasks of the political system
The political system operates within the framework of an internal, regional, and external environment, and this enables the political system to perform three basic tasks, namely:
- Resolving disputes and conflicts, enacting laws and regulations, and thus helping to protect and provide security for citizens internally, as well as offering protection for the territory of the state from external enemies and adversaries.
- Distributing resources in society in the right way as it is the distributive function of the system.
The political system is a mirror of the state of society, as it reflects the conditions of society, its contradictions, and interests, as well as the opinions, ideas, and beliefs that are widespread and widespread in it and formulated according to the ideological vision or political perception.
Anthropological Forms of Political Systems
Anthropologists usually talkabout four types of political systems: two of them are decentralised, and the other two are central.
Decentralised systems
- Division society: A small family group that is no larger than the size of the extended family or clan, with a population of no more than 30 to 50 people, and can dissolve if just a small portion of its members leave.
- Tribe: In general, a tribe is more significant than a division. Many tribes are further subdivided into sub-sects, each of which is made up of numerous families. Tribes also contain more social institutions than divisions, such as the sheikh institutions, which are more enduring than tiny teams.
Central Systems
- Chiefdom: It is an autonomous political entity made up of a number of villages or communities that is always under the direction of the supreme chief. It has a higher degree of complexity than a tribe or band community but a lower degree than a state or civilisation, and it is characterised by widespread inequality and power concentration. There are two or even three tiers of hierarchy in complex chiefdoms.
- A sovereign state: it is a nation with a stable population, a well-defined territory, and a government that is capable of establishing diplomatic ties with other sovereign states.